Introduction Rare diseases are, in most cases, serious, chronic, debilitating and life-threatening illnesses, which affects a small portion of people compared to other highly prevalent diseases affecting the general population. Due to this, there are various challenges pertaining to diagnosis and treatment including the involved costs. i Rare cancers are tumors that occur infrequently in the general population and can develop in people of any age group. ii Understanding the Challenge of Rare Cancer Treatments Due to the lower prevalence of rare cancers, there is shortage of accessible cancer registries and tissue banks, along with limited data published for their diagnosis and treatment, along with limited availability of the necessary clinical skill set to manage the rare diseases. This leads to late or incorrect diagnosis, lower confidence in clinical decision making and possible indifference in developing new drugs. 2 Furthermore, there are challenges with investments...